What parameters are commonly tested to assess water quality?

The parameters listed in the correct answer—pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and microbial indicators—are essential for assessing water quality because they provide a comprehensive understanding of both the physical and chemical characteristics of the water.

pH is crucial as it affects the solubility of various substances and the overall aquatic environment, influencing biological processes. Turbidity measures water clarity and is indicative of suspended solids, which can harm aquatic life. Dissolved oxygen is vital for aquatic organisms, as it is necessary for their respiration. Nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are important for assessing eutrophication risks, which can lead to harmful algal blooms. Finally, microbial indicators help evaluate the safety and potential contamination of water, providing insight into the presence of pathogens.

Together, these parameters cover a broad spectrum of water quality issues, making them standard tests in water quality assessments. The other choices include some relevant parameters but do not provide as complete a picture of water quality as the correct answer does, missing some key aspects essential for a thorough evaluation.