How can nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus affect water quality?

Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems, and their impact on water quality is largely negative when present in excessive amounts. The correct response highlights that high levels of these nutrients can lead to eutrophication, a process where nutrient over-enrichment causes rapid growth of algae, known as algal blooms. These blooms can deplete oxygen levels in the water, harming aquatic life and disrupting the ecosystem.

Eutrophication can lead to several detrimental effects, including hypoxia (low oxygen levels), which can result in fish kills and loss of biodiversity. Additionally, some algal blooms can produce toxins that are harmful to both aquatic organisms and humans. This process underscores the delicate balance needed to maintain healthy water quality, and managing nutrient levels is essential to prevent these harmful outcomes.